Java连接RabbitMQ实例
作者:神秘网友
发布时间:2020-09-09 12:15:42
Java连接RabbitMQ实例
Java连接RabbitMQ实例目录
1 Java连接
1.1 maven依赖
1.2 生产者代码
1.3 消费者代码
2 Spring Boot连接
2.1 pom.xml
2.2 application.properties
2.3 配置类代码
2.4 生产者代码
2.5 消费者代码
笔者使用的RabbitMQ和Erlang均为Windows版本（RabbitMQ 3.7.15和Erlang 22.0），所以在下面的连接中使用的是本地连接。如果使用的是虚拟机远程连接的话，ip地址只需修改成相应虚拟机的ip地址即可。
1 Java连接
本节演示如何使用Java来连接RabbitMQ，以此来生产和消费消息。生产者发送一条消息“Hello World！”给RabbitMQ服务器，消费者拿到之后进行消费。
1.1 maven依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>com.rabbitmq</groupId>
<artifactId>amqp-client</artifactId>
<version>5.7.1</version>
</dependency>1.2 生产者代码
package com.hys.rabbitmq;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import com.rabbitmq.client.MessageProperties;
public class RabbitProducer {
private static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "exchange_demo";
private static final String ROUTING_KEY = "routingkey_demo";
private static final String QUEUE_NAME = "queue_demo";
private static final String IP_ADDRESS = "127.0.0.1";
private static final int PORT = 5672;
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {
ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
factory.setHost(IP_ADDRESS);
factory.setPort(PORT);
factory.setUsername("root");
factory.setPassword("root");
//创建连接
Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
//创建信道
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
//创建一个type="direct"、持久化的、非自动删除的交换器
channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, "direct", true, false, null);
//创建一个持久化、非排他的、非自动删除的队列
channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, true, false, false, null);
//将交换器与队列通过路由键绑定
channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME, EXCHANGE_NAME, ROUTING_KEY);
//发送一条持久化的消息：hello world！
String message = "Hello World!";
channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME, ROUTING_KEY, MessageProperties.PERSISTENT_TEXT_PLAIN, message.getBytes());
//关闭资源
channel.close();
connection.close();
}
}
运行上述代码后，打开RabbitMQ的管理界面http://localhost:15672/，可以看到消息已经存在RabbitMQ里了：
1.3 消费者代码
package com.hys.rabbitmq;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
import com.rabbitmq.client.AMQP;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Address;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Consumer;
import com.rabbitmq.client.DefaultConsumer;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Envelope;
public class RabbitConsumer {
private static final String QUEUE_NAME = "queue_demo";
private static final String IP_ADDRESS = "127.0.0.1";
private static final int PORT = 5672;
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException, InterruptedException {
Address[] addresses = new Address[] { new Address(IP_ADDRESS, PORT) };
ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
factory.setUsername("root");
factory.setPassword("root");
//这里的连接方式与生产者的demo略有不同，注意辨别区别
//创建连接
Connection connection = factory.newConnection(addresses);
//创建信道
final Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
//设置客户端最多接受未被ack的消息的个数
channel.basicQos(64);
Consumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel) {
@Override
public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag,
Envelope envelope,
AMQP.BasicProperties properties,
byte[] body) throws IOException {
System.out.println("recv message:" + new String(body));
try {
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
channel.basicAck(envelope.getDeliveryTag(), false);
}
};
channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, consumer);
//等待回调函数执行完毕之后，关闭资源
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(5);
channel.close();
connection.close();
}
}
运行结果：
recv message:Hello World!
再次查看RabbitMQ管理界面，可以看到此时消息已经变为了0：
2 Spring Boot连接
2.1 pom.xml
<!-- RabbitMQ -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId>
</dependency>2.2 application.properties
#RabbitMQ配置
spring.rabbitmq.addresses=127.0.0.1
spring.rabbitmq.port=5672
spring.rabbitmq.username=root
spring.rabbitmq.password=root
spring.rabbitmq.virtual-host=/
spring.rabbitmq.connection-timeout=15000
spring.rabbitmq.publisher-confirms=true
spring.rabbitmq.publisher-returns=true
spring.rabbitmq.template.mandatory=true
spring.rabbitmq.listener.simple.acknowledge-mode=manual
2.3 配置类代码
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Binding;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.BindingBuilder;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.DirectExchange;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.FanoutExchange;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Queue;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.TopicExchange;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.connection.CachingConnectionFactory;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.connection.ConnectionFactory;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.core.env.Environment;
/**
* RabbitMQ配置类
* @author Robert Hou
* @date 2019年7月1日
*/
@Configuration
public class RabbitMQConfig {
/**
* EXCHANGE名称
*/
public static final String FANOUT_EXCHANGE = "test.fanout";
public static final String DIRECT_EXCHANGE = "test.direct";
public static final String TOPIC_EXCHANGE = "test.topic";
/**
* QUEUE名称
*/
public static final String FANOUT_QUEUE = "test.fanout.queue";
public static final String DIRECT_QUEUE = "test.direct.queue";
public static final String TOPIC_QUEUE = "test.topic.queue";
/**
* ROUTINGKEY名称
*/
public static final String DIRECT_ROUTINGKEY = "direct";
public static final String TOPIC_ROUTINGKEY = "topic.#";
@Bean
public ConnectionFactory connectionFactory(Environment environment) {
String addresses = environment.getProperty("spring.rabbitmq.addresses");
int port = environment.getProperty("spring.rabbitmq.port", Integer.class);
String username = environment.getProperty("spring.rabbitmq.username");
String password = environment.getProperty("spring.rabbitmq.password");
String virtualHost = environment.getProperty("spring.rabbitmq.virtual-host");
CachingConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new CachingConnectionFactory(addresses, port);
connectionFactory.setUsername(username);
connectionFactory.setPassword(password);
connectionFactory.setVirtualHost(virtualHost);
connectionFactory.setPublisherConfirms(true);
return connectionFactory;
}
@Bean
public FanoutExchange fanoutExchange() {
return new FanoutExchange(FANOUT_EXCHANGE, true, false);
}
@Bean
public DirectExchange directExchange() {
return new DirectExchange(DIRECT_EXCHANGE, true, false);
}
@Bean
public TopicExchange topicExchange() {
return new TopicExchange(TOPIC_EXCHANGE, true, false);
}
@Bean
public Queue fanoutQueue() {
return new Queue(FANOUT_QUEUE, true);
}
@Bean
public Queue directQueue() {
return new Queue(DIRECT_QUEUE, true);
}
@Bean
public Queue topicQueue() {
return new Queue(TOPIC_QUEUE, true);
}
@Bean
public Binding fanoutBinding() {
return BindingBuilder.bind(fanoutQueue()).to(fanoutExchange());
}
@Bean
public Binding directBinding() {
return BindingBuilder.bind(directQueue()).to(directExchange()).with(DIRECT_ROUTINGKEY);
}
@Bean
public Binding topicBinding() {
return BindingBuilder.bind(topicQueue()).to(topicExchange()).with(TOPIC_ROUTINGKEY);
}
}
2.4 生产者代码
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.UUID;
import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.connection.CorrelationData;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate.ConfirmCallback;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate.ReturnCallback;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.messaging.Message;
import org.springframework.messaging.MessageHeaders;
import org.springframework.messaging.support.MessageBuilder;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import com.hys.springboot.entity.Order;
import com.hys.springboot.service.IRabbitSenderService;
@Service
public class RabbitSenderServiceImpl implements IRabbitSenderService {
private static final Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(RabbitSenderServiceImpl.class);
@Autowired
private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;
private final ConfirmCallback CONFIRM_CALLBACK = (correlationData, ack, cause) -> {
if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
logger.debug("correlationData：" + correlationData + " ack：" + ack);
}
if (!ack) {
if (logger.isErrorEnabled()) {
logger.error("需要异常处理");
}
}
};
private final ReturnCallback RETURN_CALLBACK = (message, replyCode, replyText, exchange, routingKey) -> {
if (logger.isErrorEnabled()) {
logger.error("replyCode：" + replyCode + " replyText：" + replyText + " exchange：" + exchange + " routingKey：" + routingKey);
}
};
@Override
public void send(String exchange, String routingKey, Object message, Map<String, Object> properties) {
MessageHeaders messageHeaders = new MessageHeaders(properties);
Message<Object> msg = MessageBuilder.createMessage(message, messageHeaders);
rabbitTemplate.setConfirmCallback(CONFIRM_CALLBACK);
rabbitTemplate.setReturnCallback(RETURN_CALLBACK);
CorrelationData correlationData = new CorrelationData();
correlationData.setId(UUID.randomUUID().toString() + "-" + System.currentTimeMillis());
rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(exchange, routingKey, msg, correlationData);
}
@Override
public void sendOrder(String exchange, String routingKey, Order order) {
rabbitTemplate.setConfirmCallback(CONFIRM_CALLBACK);
rabbitTemplate.setReturnCallback(RETURN_CALLBACK);
CorrelationData correlationData = new CorrelationData();
correlationData.setId(UUID.randomUUID().toString() + "-" + System.currentTimeMillis());
rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(exchange, routingKey, order, correlationData);
}
}
第一个方法发送到的是message，而第二个方法发送的则是自定义的Java Bean：Order。
测试的发送代码如下所示：
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;
import com.hys.springboot.config.RabbitMQConfig;
import com.hys.springboot.entity.Order;
import com.hys.springboot.service.IRabbitSenderService;
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
public class ApplicationTests {
@Autowired
private IRabbitSenderService rabbitSenderService;
@Test
public void testSender1() {
SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS");
Map<String, Object> properties = new HashMap<>();
properties.put("number", "12345");
properties.put("send_time", sdf.format(new Date()));
rabbitSenderService.send(RabbitMQConfig.TOPIC_EXCHANGE, "topic.user", "Hello World", properties);
}
@Test
public void testSender2() {
Order order = new Order();
order.setId("001");
order.setName("订单一");
rabbitSenderService.sendOrder(RabbitMQConfig.DIRECT_EXCHANGE, RabbitMQConfig.DIRECT_ROUTINGKEY, order);
}
}
2.5 消费者代码
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Map;
import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.ExchangeTypes;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.Exchange;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.Queue;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.QueueBinding;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitHandler;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.amqp.support.AmqpHeaders;
import org.springframework.messaging.Message;
import org.springframework.messaging.handler.annotation.Headers;
import org.springframework.messaging.handler.annotation.Payload;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import com.hys.springboot.config.RabbitMQConfig;
import com.hys.springboot.entity.Order;
import com.hys.springboot.service.IRabbitReceiverService;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
@Service
public class RabbitReceiverServiceImpl implements IRabbitReceiverService {
private static final Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(RabbitReceiverServiceImpl.class);
@RabbitListener(bindings = @QueueBinding(value = @Queue(value = RabbitMQConfig.TOPIC_QUEUE, durable = "true"), exchange = @Exchange(value = RabbitMQConfig.TOPIC_EXCHANGE, durable = "true", type = ExchangeTypes.TOPIC), key = RabbitMQConfig.TOPIC_ROUTINGKEY))
@RabbitHandler
@Override
public void receiveTopicMessage(Message<Object> message, Channel channel) throws IOException {
if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
logger.debug("消费端Payload：" + message.getPayload());
}
Long deliveryTag = (Long) message.getHeaders().get(AmqpHeaders.DELIVERY_TAG);
//手工ack
channel.basicAck(deliveryTag, false);
}
@RabbitListener(bindings = @QueueBinding(value = @Queue(value = RabbitMQConfig.DIRECT_QUEUE, durable = "true"), exchange = @Exchange(value = RabbitMQConfig.DIRECT_EXCHANGE, durable = "true", type = ExchangeTypes.DIRECT), key = RabbitMQConfig.DIRECT_ROUTINGKEY))
@RabbitHandler
@Override
public void receiveOrderTopicMessage(@Payload Order order, Channel channel, @Headers Map<String, Object> headers) throws IOException {
if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
logger.debug("消费端Payload：" + order);
}
Long deliveryTag = (Long) headers.get(AmqpHeaders.DELIVERY_TAG);
//手工ack
channel.basicAck(deliveryTag, false);
}
}